Most Federal tax forms are posted on the the IRS Web site.
Most state tax forms are posted online. State and Federal Forms are also available from Lexis, Bloomberg BNA's Superform (back to 1993), Checkpoint (e-Forms), Bloomberg BNA's US Income Portfolios Library ("interactive forms") and CCH's Perform Plus.
Alternatively, you can try to get copies of forms from tax libraries, or you can call or visit an office of the relevant taxing authority.
If you truly can't find a Federal form anywhere else, try the IRS library (202-622-8050).
Historical tax forms: The IRS posts selected historical tax forms for free, accessible through the Forms & Publications page. Some go back to the 1980s, and I saw one from the 1960s.
Superform has forms online back to 1993; subscribers can order tax forms back to 1970 from the Superform "tax form hotline" (800-541-7197). Alternatively, the Jenkins Law Library has tax forms back to at least 1970 (membership required).
For more on state tax forms, see the entries for individual states.
IRS Tax Form Coordinating Committee: The Tax Form Coordinating Committee designs and modifies IRS tax forms. You can get minutes and agendas for their meetings by writing to the IRS Office of Disclosure. Be sure to reference the name of the relevant form and year(s) in question.